A standardized string object that can be used in place of character arrays
string str; - This invokes the default constructor and makes str an empty string string str (s); - This creates and initializes str to contain a copy of s - s may be a string or char array string str (charAr, n); - This creates and initializes str to contain a copy of the 1st n characters of charAr
getline(cin, str) - This extracts characters from cin and stores them in str until: -- Newline character is found OR -- End of file is reached getline(cin, str, delimiter) - This extracts characters from cin and stores them in str until: -- The delimiter is found (not stored in str) OR -- End of file is reached cin >> str - This extracts characters from cin and stores them in str until: -- Whitespace is found OR -- End of file is reached
cout << str - This inserts characters from str into cout
Assignment Operator Format: str = value; - Assigns a copy of value to str -- value may be a string, char array, char + Operator Format: str + value or value + str - returns the result of concatenating str and value -- value may be a string, char array, char += Operator Format: str += value; - Appends a copy of value to str -- value may be a string, char array, char Subscript Notation Format: str[p] - returns a reference to the character stored in str at position p
str < s - returns true if str is alphabetically less than s - returns false if str is alphabetically greater than or equal to s - s may be a string or char array str <= s - returns true if str is alphabetically less than or equal to s - returns false if str is alphabetically greater than s - s may be a string or char array str > s - returns true if str is alphabetically greater than s - returns false if str is alphabetically less than or equal to s - s may be a string or char array str >= s - returns true if str is alphabetically greater than or equal to s - returns false if str is alphabetically less than s - s may be a string or char array str == s - returns true if str is equal to s - returns false if str is not equal to s - s may be a string or char array str != s - returns true if str is not equal to s - returns false if str is equal to s - s may be a string or char array
string class counterpart to strcpy: str.assign(s) - copies s into str - s may be a string or char array string class counterparts to strncpy: str.assign(s, p, n) - copies n characters from s into str, starting at position p - s is a string str.assign(charAr, n) - copies n characters from charAr into str - charAr is a char array string class counterpart to strcat: str.append(s) - Appends a copy of s onto str - s may be a string or char array string class counterpart to strncat: str.append(s, p, n) - appends n characters from s onto str, starting at position p - s is a string str.append(charAr, n) - appends n characters from charAr onto str - charAr is a char array string class counterpart to strcmp: str.compare(s) - compares str to s - returns: 0 if str is equal to s negative value if str < s positive value if str > s - s is a string or char array string class counterpart to strchr and strstr: str.find(s) - returns position (subscript) of the first occurrence of s in str - s is a string, char array, or char string class counterpart to strlen: str.length() or str.size() - returns the length of str
str.c_str() - converts the string object str to a null terminated char array - returns: const char * str.substr(p, n) - returns a copy of a sub-string n characters long, starting at position p